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Fully Compliant with Akta 446 (WAO)

Secure Akta 446-Compliant Foreign Worker Accommodation & Achieve JTKSM Hostel Certification Effortlessly
Comprehensive solutions for employers and HR teams to ensure legal housing standards for foreign workers under Akta 446 Malaysia (2025)

Achieve complete Akta 446-compliant foreign worker hostel approval in Malaysia using a structured, step-by-step compliance framework designed to meet JTKSM standards for employer-provided housing. We guide employers through JTKSM application submission, documentation preparation, hostel layout planning, and inspection readiness, ensuring full approval while preventing fines of up to RM50,000 per violation.

Pastikan penginapan pekerja asing anda mematuhi keperluan ruang dan keselamatan pekerja asing di Malaysia di bawah Akta 446, termasuk standard reka bentuk hostel, kapasiti bilik, nisbah sanitasi, dan kepatuhan keselamatan yang ditetapkan oleh Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Semenanjung Malaysia (JTKSM). Kami menguruskan keseluruhan proses — dari penilaian awal, perancangan ruang, dokumentasi, hingga kelulusan rasmi — untuk memastikan penginapan pekerja anda 100% patuh undang-undang.

Our end-to-end Akta 446 compliance management covers everything from feasibility assessment to JTKSM certification approval. 🇲🇾 Trusted by employers and HR teams across Malaysia, we deliver first-pass approval success and audit-ready, hassle-free compliance, keeping your operations smooth while safeguarding worker welfare.

Andaraya supports HR teams, employers, and compliance officers across Malaysia with fully managed worker housing that meets all JTK, OSHA, and Akta 446 requirements — ensuring legal compliance with zero disruption.

  • Fully certified hostels that meet Akta 446 & JTK standards
  • Reduce employer liability, inspections, and fines
  • 24/7 accommodation support & worker welfare management
37+ Years Serving Employers & HR Teams
10,000+ Workers Housed in Compliant Hostels
100% Akta 446 Compliance Pass Rate
24/7 Employer & HR Support

Act 446 Overview

What Is Act 446?

The Employees' Minimum Standards of Housing, Accommodations and Amenities Act 1990 (Act 446) is Malaysia's primary legislation governing worker accommodation standards. This act establishes legally enforceable minimum requirements for employers who provide housing facilities for their employees, with particular focus on foreign worker accommodation.

🏛️ Administered By

Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Semenanjung Malaysia (JTKSM) under the Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia (MOHR)

📜 Legal Authority

Federal legislation with enforcement powers including fines, imprisonment, and hostel closure orders

🎯 Primary Purpose

Protect worker welfare by ensuring safe, healthy, and dignified living conditions in employer-provided accommodation

Act 446 requires employers providing accommodation for 5 or more workers to obtain a Certificate of Accommodation (Perakuan Penginapan) from the Director General of Labour before housing workers. The certification process involves rigorous inspection of facilities to verify compliance with minimum standards covering:

Physical Standards

  • Minimum floor space per worker
  • Ceiling height requirements
  • Ventilation and lighting
  • Building structural safety

Facility Requirements

  • Sanitation facilities (toilets/bathrooms)
  • Kitchen and dining areas
  • Utilities (water, electricity)
  • Fire safety equipment

📌 Online Application Portal

All Act 446 applications must be submitted through the official JTKSM online portal: https://akta446.mohr.gov.my/login

Visit the JTKSM Act 446 Official Portal for complete regulatory requirements, enforcement updates, and certification guidelines.

Why Compliance Is Mandatory

Act 446 compliance is not optional or discretionary—it is a legal obligation for all Malaysian employers providing foreign worker accommodation. Understanding why compliance is mandatory helps employers prioritize proper hostel standards and avoid severe consequences.

Legal Framework

Under Malaysian labour law, employers must comply with Act 446 as a condition of:

  • Operating legally: Housing 5 or more workers without a valid Certificate of Accommodation is a criminal offence
  • Foreign worker approvals: Immigration Department and foreign worker quota applications require proof of compliant accommodation
  • Business licensing: Certain industries require Act 446 certification as part of operational permits
  • Corporate responsibility: Major clients and auditors verify supplier accommodation compliance

Enforcement Mechanisms

🔍 Routine Inspections

JTKSM Labour Department inspectors conduct scheduled and unannounced inspections of registered hostels

📞 Complaint-Triggered Audits

Worker complaints about overcrowding, poor sanitation, or safety hazards trigger immediate investigations

⚖️ Inter-Agency Coordination

MOHR coordinates with Immigration, BOMBA (Fire Dept), and local authorities for comprehensive enforcement

Critical Legal Warning - Section 24D Criminal Penalties

Under Section 24D(1) of Act 446, employers who provide foreign worker accommodation that fails to meet prescribed minimum standards are guilty of an offence and shall, upon conviction, be liable to:

  • Imprisonment for a term not exceeding two (2) years
  • Fine not exceeding RM50,000 per affected worker
  • Both imprisonment and fine for serious violations

Enforcement applies to: Company directors, facility managers, and authorized representatives responsible for worker accommodation decisions. Repeat violations result in enhanced penalties and mandatory imprisonment terms.

Business Impact of Non-Compliance

Beyond legal penalties, Act 446 violations create severe operational and reputational risks:

Operational Disruption

  • Immediate hostel closure orders
  • Emergency worker relocation costs
  • Production stoppage during rectification
  • Loss of skilled workforce

Reputational Damage

  • Public enforcement action announcements
  • Client audits and supplier de-listing
  • Difficulty recruiting quality workers
  • Media scrutiny and negative publicity

Penalties & Legal Action

Act 446 non-compliance carries severe legal, financial, and operational consequences. The following penalties represent the full scope of enforcement actions under Malaysian labour accommodation regulations:

Legal and Financial Consequences

Criminal prosecution under Section 24D Imprisonment up to 2 years for employer representatives and company directors Criminal record for responsible persons
Financial penalties Up to RM50,000 per violation per worker Penalties exceeding RM500,000 for medium-sized hostels
Immediate hostel closure Closure orders requiring urgent worker relocation Business continuity disruption and production stoppage
Foreign worker quota suspension Temporary or permanent suspension of recruitment quotas Prevents new worker approvals and expansion plans
Certificate revocation Revocation of JTKSM Certificate of Accommodation Invalidates legal status of all hostel residents

Operational and Reputational Risks

  • Unannounced JTKSM spot inspections triggered by worker complaints about overcrowding, poor sanitation, safety hazards, or inadequate facilities
  • Failed inspection reports requiring expensive facility upgrades, structural modifications, or complete hostel relocation within tight compliance deadlines
  • Public enforcement action announcements causing severe reputational damage with clients, investors, and industry partners questioning corporate responsibility
  • Worker welfare complaints escalating to Immigration Department resulting in enhanced scrutiny, frequent audits, and restricted future work permit approvals
  • Health and safety incidents in substandard hostels exposing employers to civil liability, worker compensation claims, and insurance coverage disputes
  • Recruitment difficulties as non-compliant accommodation reputation spreads through worker networks and recruitment agencies
RM50K
Maximum Fine Per Worker
2 Years
Maximum Imprisonment
24-72hrs
Closure Order Response Time

JTKSM Compliance Solutions

Agensi Pekerjaan Ukhwah Sdn Bhd, in strategic partnership with Andaraya (M) Sdn Bhd, delivers comprehensive Act 446 compliance consultancy services helping Malaysian employers achieve and maintain JTKSM certification for foreign worker hostels.

Our Expert Services

🏗️ Hostel Setup & Planning

  • Complete JTKSM application preparation
  • Comprehensive compliance audit
  • Expert hostel layout planning
  • Capacity calculations
  • BOMBA fire safety coordination

🛡️ Risk Mitigation

  • Regular mock JTKSM inspections
  • Inspection-ready documentation
  • Expert advisory during enforcement
  • Rapid corrective action planning
  • Quarterly compliance monitoring

📄 Documentation Management

  • Professional architectural floor plans
  • Complete compliance packages
  • Certificate renewal management
  • Digital record management
  • Regulatory updates tracking

Need Expert JTKSM Certification Support?

Our Act 446 compliance specialists provide comprehensive assistance throughout the entire JTKSM application process

Services Include: Pre-submission compliance audits • Professional floor plan preparation • Documentation compilation • Inspection coordination • Post-approval compliance management

Schedule Free Consultation

How to Get Act 446 Workers' Hostel Approval Step by Step

This comprehensive guide explains the complete JTKSM foreign worker hostel certification application process in Malaysia for 2025. Follow these steps to obtain your Certificate of Accommodation while minimizing rejection risk and accelerating approval.

⏱️ Complete Processing Timeline

Total Duration: 21-45 working days from complete application submission to final certificate issuance and delivery

  • Initial administrative document review: 7-14 working days
  • Physical inspection scheduling: 3-7 working days
  • On-site inspection execution: 1 day
  • Post-inspection assessment and decision: 5-10 working days
  • Certificate printing and postal dispatch: 5-7 working days

Step-by-Step Application Process

  1. Pre-Application Compliance Assessment

    Conduct thorough self-audit of facilities against Act 446 requirements. Verify minimum floor space per worker, sanitation facility ratios, fire safety equipment, ventilation standards, and building compliance certifications. Identify and address all gaps before official submission.

  2. Prepare Required Documentation

    Compile complete submission package including: professionally prepared architectural floor plans with accurate measurements, Certificate of Completion and Compliance (CCC), BOMBA fire safety approval, local authority building permits, electrical installation certificate, water supply approval, company registration documents, and worker accommodation details.

  3. Online Application Submission

    Submit application via official JTKSM portal at https://akta446.mohr.gov.my/login. Upload all required documents in specified formats (PDF for certificates, AutoCAD/PDF for floor plans). Pay prescribed fees online and retain payment receipts for verification.

  4. JTKSM Document Review

    Labour Department officers conduct administrative review of submitted documents for completeness and preliminary compliance. Respond promptly to any requests for additional information or clarifications. This stage typically takes 7-14 working days.

  5. Physical Inspection Scheduling

    Once documents are approved, JTKSM schedules on-site physical inspection. Confirm inspection date and ensure premises are ready. Designate knowledgeable staff member to accompany inspectors and answer queries. Allow 3-7 working days for scheduling coordination.

  6. On-Site Inspection Execution

    JTKSM inspectors verify actual physical conditions against submitted plans. They measure room dimensions, count sanitation facilities, test utilities, check fire safety equipment, assess cleanliness and maintenance, and verify worker occupancy compliance. Ensure all facilities are thoroughly cleaned and functional.

  7. Post-Inspection Assessment

    If inspection reveals deficiencies, receive detailed non-compliance report with required corrections. Complete all rectification works within specified timeframe and request re-inspection. If facility passes inspection, proceed to certificate issuance stage (5-10 working days).

  8. Certificate Issuance and Display

    Upon successful inspection and final approval, Director General issues Certificate of Accommodation valid for 3 years. Certificate delivered via postal mail to registered company address. Display original certificate prominently at hostel premises as required by law.

Common Causes of Processing Delays

  • Incomplete documentation requiring resubmission
  • Facility failing initial inspection necessitating rectification works and re-inspection
  • Payment processing issues or receipt verification delays
  • Major non-compliance findings requiring detailed remediation plans

Fast-Track Processing: Available for urgent foreign worker quota deadlines through direct coordination with state JTKSM director's office with supporting justification letter.

Certificate Renewal Requirements

3-Year Validity Period

JTKSM Certificate of Accommodation has 3-year validity requiring renewal before expiration to maintain legal worker accommodation status. HR teams must initiate renewal applications minimum 60-90 days before current certificate expiry date ensuring uninterrupted accommodation legality.

Complete New Application Mandatory When:

  • Hostel undergoes major structural renovations altering room configurations
  • Approved maximum worker capacity requires upward adjustment
  • Property ownership changes or new tenancy agreement executed
  • Premises physical address changes through relocation
  • Different employer entity assumes facility management responsibility

Critical Warning

Operating foreign worker hostel with expired JTKSM certificate constitutes Act 446 violation triggering immediate closure orders, worker relocation mandates, and financial penalties.

Statutory Building Categories for Foreign Worker Hostels

Achieving legal workforce housing compliance requires strict adherence to Malaysian residential standards. Under Act 446, all premises must possess a valid Certificate of Completion and Compliance (CCC) or a Temporary Building Permit. Non-compliant structures such as uncertified industrial warehouses or illegal extensions face immediate rejection and strict enforcement penalties.

Approved Accommodation Types

🏢 Centralized Labour Quarters (CLQ)

Premier workforce housing solution for major industrial operators

  • Optimized Capacity: Scalable for 100 to 2,000+ residents
  • Turnkey Amenities: On-site canteens, clinics, sports facilities
  • Advanced Safety: Comprehensive fire suppression and 24/7 CCTV
  • Compliance Rating: Highest success rate for JTKSM certification
  • Best For: MNCs requiring fast-track approval and long-term stability

🏘️ Terrace Houses & Shophouses

Flexible option for small to medium workforces

  • Zoning: Must be in residential or mixed-use zones
  • Commercial Units: Ground-floor shophouses require PBT residential conversion
  • Ownership: Written landlord consent for foreign worker housing mandatory
  • Logistics: Proximity to transport and adequate vehicle access required
  • Expert Tip: Always verify local council (PBT) zoning before signing tenancy

🏙️ Apartments, Flats & Bungalows

Reserved for supervisory-level staff or skilled technicians

  • Strata Compliance: Written approval from MC/JMB legally required
  • Density Control: Strict floor-space-per-worker limits
  • Vertical Access: Mandatory lift access for units above 3rd floor
  • Security: Must align with building management protocols

🏗️ Estate Housing & Temporary Cabins

For plantation, agriculture, and construction sectors

  • Site Safety: Buffer zones from pesticide/chemical storage
  • Utility Standards: Certified potable water and TNB-compliant power
  • Temporary Permits: Portable cabins require PBT permits
  • Emergency Access: All-weather roads for medical and fire rescue

Accommodation Eligibility Matrix

Building Category Compliance Status Critical Requirement
Landed Residential ✓ Pre-Approved Valid CCC & Residential Zoning
Shophouse / SoHo ⚠ Conditional Official residential conversion approval
High-Rise Apartments ✓ Pre-Approved Management Body (MC/JMB) Consent
Purpose-Built CLQ ★ Gold Standard JTKSM-verified from architectural design stage
Modular Cabins ⚡ Restricted Annual Temporary Building Permit required

📌 Important Note

Property type is only one pillar of JTKSM Certification. Approvals also depend on sanitation ratios, fire safety clearance (BOMBA), and minimum bedroom square footage.

Space & Capacity Planning

Proper space planning is fundamental to Act 446 compliance. JTKSM inspections rigorously verify that actual usable floor space meets minimum standards and that maximum occupancy limits are not exceeded.

Critical Measurement Rule

Space calculations must use actual usable sleeping area only. JTKSM inspectors physically measure rooms and exclude bathrooms, corridors, storage areas, and fixed furniture footprints. Incorrect calculations are a leading cause of inspection failure.

Act 446 Minimum Floor Space Requirements Per Foreign Worker

Malaysia's Act 446 prescribes legally enforceable minimum floor space per foreign worker, maximum room occupancy limits, ceiling height thresholds, and ventilation requirements. These standards are strictly verified during JTKSM physical inspections using actual usable sleeping areas only.

Private and Semi-Private Room Standards

📏 Space Requirements

  • Minimum 3.6 m² usable floor space per worker
  • Maximum 4 workers per room (absolute cap)
  • Minimum 2.4m ceiling height
  • 0.9m clearance for emergency pathways

💡 Facility Standards

  • Individual bed with adequate clearance
  • Lockable storage cabinet (0.35m × 0.35m × 0.9m)
  • Natural lighting = 10% of floor area
  • Cross-ventilation via openable windows

Dormitory-Style Accommodation Standards

📏 Space Requirements

  • Minimum 3.0 m² usable floor space per worker
  • Maximum 12 workers per dormitory room
  • Minimum 0.75m clearance between beds
  • Partitions encouraged for privacy

💡 Facility Standards

  • Adequate artificial lighting
  • Continuous mechanical ventilation
  • Clearly marked emergency exits
  • Individual secure storage for each worker

Common Calculation Errors (Inspection Failures)

❌ Incorrect Calculations (Rejected)

  • ✦ Including bathrooms, toilets, or shower areas in usable floor space
  • ✦ Counting corridors, entrances, or shared walkways as living space
  • ✦ Using total built-up area instead of actual sleeping room dimensions
  • ✦ Failing to deduct fixed furniture or built-in storage areas
  • ✦ Overcrowding rooms based on borderline minimum calculations

✓ Correct Calculations (Approved)

  • ✦ Measure only usable sleeping space wall-to-wall
  • ✦ Exclude all non-living and fixed-use areas
  • ✦ Apply conservative capacity limits with safety margins
  • ✦ Verify bed spacing and clearance compliance
  • ✦ Support calculations with professional floor plans and documentation

Compliant Room Examples

✓ Private Room Example

Room Dimensions: 5m × 3.5m = 17.5 m²

Deductions:

  • Bathroom: 2 m²
  • Wardrobe: 1 m²
  • Entrance: 1.5 m²

Usable Floor Space: 13 m²

Maximum Workers: 3

✓ Act 446 Compliant

✓ Dormitory Room Example

Room Dimensions: 8m × 5m = 40 m²

Deductions:

  • Entrance: 3 m²
  • Storage: 2 m²

Usable Floor Space: 35 m²

Maximum Workers: 11

✓ Act 446 Compliant

Act 446 Section 24D(1) Legal Penalty Warning

Failure to comply with mandatory space standards may trigger enforcement action including:

  • Immediate hostel closure and worker relocation orders
  • Financial penalties of up to RM50,000 per offence
  • Suspension or revocation of foreign worker quotas
  • Criminal prosecution of responsible persons

Bedding & Storage Standards

Act 446 foreign worker accommodation regulations impose mandatory requirements for individual sleeping arrangements, minimum bedding quality, bed spacing, and secure personal storage facilities to safeguard worker dignity, hygiene, safety, and overall welfare.

Individual Bed Space Requirements

Mandatory Bed Specifications

Each foreign worker must be provided with a clearly defined, dedicated personal sleeping space. Bed sharing between workers is strictly prohibited and is classified as a serious Act 446 violation.

  • Minimum 1.7 m² dedicated bed space per worker (inclusive of bed footprint and access clearance)
  • Single beds and bunk beds permitted if all safety requirements met
  • Upper bunks must be fitted with protective guard rails
  • Bed frames constructed from durable metal or high-quality wood
  • Minimum 0.75m clearance between bed edges
  • Zero tolerance for bed sharing during JTKSM inspections

Mandatory Bedding Quality Standards

Bedding Requirements

  • Minimum 4-inch (10cm) thick mattress
  • Individual pillow and blanket per worker
  • Clean bed linen (sheets and pillowcases)
  • Weekly linen replacement recommended
  • Documented replacement schedules maintained

Condition Standards

  • Bedding free from stains, tears, pests
  • No mold or odors permitted
  • Damaged items replaced immediately
  • Separate bedding sets per worker
  • Traceable maintenance records

Personal Storage Locker Requirements

🔒 Secure Storage Standards

Act 446 requires employers to provide individual, secure, and lockable personal storage facilities for every foreign worker to safely store personal belongings, clothing, and critical documents such as passports and work permits.

  • Minimum locker size: 0.35m × 0.35m × 0.9m (W×D×H)
  • One lockable cabinet per worker (sharing not permitted)
  • Secure locking mechanism required
  • Employers must not retain unrestricted access keys
  • Storage lockers located within sleeping area
  • Reduces liability for lost passports, permits, or property

Bunk Bed Safety Specifications

JTKSM-Approved Bunk Bed Standards

All bunk beds must meet strict structural safety and load capacity standards. Non-compliant bunk beds result in immediate inspection failure.

  • Minimum 0.7m vertical clearance between bunk levels
  • Upper bunks fitted with safety rails at least 20cm high
  • Stable, fixed ladders with non-slip steps
  • Maximum load capacity clearly displayed (typically 150-200kg per level)
  • Routine documented safety inspections required
  • Monitor frame integrity, joints, ladders, and guard rails

Accommodation Space Calculator

Use this calculator to determine the maximum number of workers allowed based on your room dimensions and Act 446 compliance standards.

Quick Space Calculator

Private Rooms (3.6 m² per worker)

Formula: (Room Area - Deductions) ÷ 3.6 = Maximum Workers (capped at 4)

Dormitory Rooms (3.0 m² per worker)

Formula: (Room Area - Deductions) ÷ 3.0 = Maximum Workers (capped at 12)

Remember to Deduct:

  • Bathrooms and toilet areas
  • Corridors and entrance spaces
  • Built-in wardrobes and storage
  • Fixed furniture footprints

Mandatory Facilities & Infrastructure Requirements

All foreign worker accommodations must provide essential facilities that comply with Act 446, JTKSM inspection standards, and local authority (PBT) regulations.

Sanitation Facilities

Critical Compliance Ratios

Proper sanitation is mandatory under Act 446 to prevent health risks and is a key focus area during JTKSM inspections.

🚽 Toilet Requirements

  • Maximum 1 toilet per 6 workers
  • Separate male and female facilities
  • Functional flushing systems
  • Proper ventilation
  • Daily cleaning with documented logs

🚿 Bathroom Requirements

  • Minimum 1 bathroom per 15 workers
  • 24/7 potable water supply
  • Hot water provision (where applicable)
  • Non-slip flooring
  • Proper drainage systems

Kitchen & Dining Areas

Food Safety Standards

Safe, hygienic kitchen and dining areas are required under Act 446 to ensure worker wellbeing.

  • Dedicated kitchen with proper ventilation and extraction systems
  • Food-safe preparation areas with sinks for washing
  • Refrigeration and secure food storage facilities
  • Adequate dining space for all residents with tables and seating
  • Non-slip flooring and proper drainage
  • Waste disposal systems for food waste management
  • Regular cleaning schedules with documented logs

Utilities & Infrastructure

⚡ Electricity

  • Uninterrupted supply
  • TNB-certified wiring
  • Adequate power points
  • Emergency backup lighting

💧 Water Supply

  • 24/7 potable water
  • Sufficient pressure
  • Clean water storage
  • Regular quality testing

🌡️ Ventilation

  • Fan in each sleeping room
  • Natural ventilation windows
  • Adequate lighting
  • Air circulation systems

Fire Safety & Emergency Preparedness

BOMBA Compliance Mandatory

Fire safety compliance is strictly enforced by BOMBA and checked during JTKSM hostel inspections. Non-compliance results in automatic certification rejection.

  • Smoke detectors and fire extinguishers strategically placed
  • Clearly marked emergency exits with illuminated signage
  • BOMBA approval and certification for fire safety systems
  • Evacuation floor plans displayed prominently
  • Documented fire drills conducted regularly
  • Fire assembly points designated and communicated
  • Unobstructed escape routes maintained at all times
  • Regular equipment testing and maintenance logs

Laundry & Recreation Areas

🧺 Laundry Facilities

  • Covered washing and drying zones
  • Proper ventilation and drainage
  • Adequate washing stations
  • Clothesline or drying areas

🎯 Recreation Areas

  • Rest areas separate from sleeping rooms
  • Designated social spaces
  • Promotes worker wellbeing and morale
  • Common room facilities

JTKSM Inspection Pass/Fail Guidance

❌ Common Inspection Failures

  • ✦ Insufficient toilets or bathrooms per worker ratio
  • ✦ Poor sanitation or hygiene records
  • ✦ Lack of fire safety equipment or inaccessible emergency exits
  • ✦ Non-functional utilities or insufficient lighting/ventilation
  • ✦ Unauthorized modifications or unapproved building type
  • ✦ Improper kitchen/dining sanitation or food storage violations

✓ Tips to Improve Pass Rate

  • ✦ Pre-inspection Act 446 compliance audit
  • ✦ Clearly marked room layouts with measurements
  • ✦ Documented cleaning and maintenance records
  • ✦ Visible safety signage and emergency plans
  • ✦ Designated Person-In-Charge (PIC) available
  • ✦ All systems tested and functional before inspection

Compliance & Enforcement

Act 446 compliance is continuously monitored through routine inspections, worker complaint investigations, and inter-agency enforcement coordination. Understanding enforcement mechanisms helps employers maintain ongoing compliance.

Enforcement Authorities

JTKSM

Primary enforcement authority conducting inspections and issuing certificates

BOMBA

Fire safety compliance verification and certification

Local Authorities

Building compliance and zoning approvals

Inspection Types

  • Scheduled Inspections: Regular compliance verification visits as part of certification and renewal process
  • Unannounced Spot Checks: Random inspections to verify ongoing compliance with approved standards
  • Complaint-Triggered Audits: Investigations following worker complaints about conditions or violations
  • Inter-Agency Joint Inspections: Coordinated enforcement with Immigration, Health Department, and other agencies

Employer Obligations During Inspections

  • Provide full access to all facilities and documentation
  • Cooperate fully with inspection officers
  • Make knowledgeable staff available to answer questions
  • Produce all required records and maintenance logs
  • Address findings within specified timeframes

Obstruction of inspections is a criminal offence carrying fines and potential imprisonment.

Act 446 Hostel Compliance Checklist

Prepare your foreign worker hostel for JTKSM inspection using this comprehensive checklist. Each area highlights key compliance requirements that inspectors will verify.

🏢 Building & Approval

  • Approved building type (hostel / CLQ / permitted accommodation)
  • Local Authority (PBT) approval obtained
  • BOMBA fire safety clearance current
  • Certificate of Completion & Compliance (CCC) if applicable
  • Building plans match actual layout
  • No unauthorized modifications

🛏️ Sleeping & Space Standards

  • Minimum floor area per worker (3.0-3.6 m²)
  • Approved bed structures (compliant single or bunk beds)
  • Adequate aisle spacing (min 0.75m)
  • Ceiling height minimum 2.4m
  • Proper natural or mechanical ventilation
  • Maximum occupancy not exceeded

🚿 Sanitary & Hygiene Facilities

  • Sufficient toilets (max 1:6 worker ratio)
  • Sufficient bathrooms (min 1:15 worker ratio)
  • Separate male/female facilities
  • Proper drainage and wastewater management
  • Continuous clean water supply
  • Documented cleaning and maintenance schedules

🔥 Safety & Welfare

  • Fire extinguishers and clearly marked exits
  • Accessible first aid kit for all occupants
  • Adequate lighting in all areas
  • Individual lockers or personal storage
  • Emergency evacuation plans displayed
  • BOMBA certification current

📄 Documentation

  • Hostel registration with JTKSM
  • Updated worker occupancy records
  • Maintenance and hygiene logs maintained
  • House rules displayed in common areas
  • Certificate of Accommodation displayed
  • All approvals and permits current

🍳 Kitchen & Amenities

  • Dedicated kitchen with ventilation
  • Food preparation areas clean
  • Refrigeration and storage adequate
  • Dining space sufficient
  • Laundry facilities provided
  • Recreation areas available

✅ Pre-Inspection Checklist

Before JTKSM inspection day:

  • Deep clean all facilities (sleeping rooms, toilets, bathrooms, kitchen)
  • Test all utilities (water pressure, electrical systems, ventilation)
  • Verify fire safety equipment is serviced and accessible
  • Prepare all documentation and maintenance logs
  • Ensure maximum occupancy is not exceeded
  • Clear all emergency exits and escape routes
  • Designate knowledgeable staff member as inspection coordinator
  • Have site plans and building drawings ready for reference

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to get Act 446 approval?

The complete process typically takes 21-45 working days from application submission to certificate issuance, assuming all documents are complete and facilities pass initial inspection. Processing can be faster for simple cases or delayed if rectification works are needed.

What happens if my hostel fails inspection?

JTKSM will provide a detailed non-compliance report listing all deficiencies. You must complete all rectification works within the specified timeframe (typically 30-60 days) and request re-inspection. The certificate will only be issued after successful re-inspection confirming all issues have been resolved.

Can I use a rented property for worker accommodation?

Yes, rented properties are acceptable provided you obtain written consent from the landlord for foreign worker accommodation use and the property meets all Act 446 requirements including proper zoning, building approvals, and facility standards. You must submit the tenancy agreement as part of your application.

How much does Act 446 certification cost?

Official JTKSM application fees vary by state and hostel capacity (typically RM200-500). However, total costs include professional floor plan preparation (RM1,500-3,000), BOMBA fire safety approval (RM500-2,000), any required facility upgrades, and potential consultancy fees. Budget RM5,000-15,000 for complete certification depending on facility size and condition.

Do I need separate certificates for multiple hostel locations?

Yes, each hostel location requires its own individual Certificate of Accommodation. You cannot use one certificate to cover multiple premises even if owned by the same company. Each location must undergo separate application, inspection, and certification processes.

Can I exceed the approved maximum occupancy temporarily?

No. Exceeding approved maximum occupancy at any time is a serious Act 446 violation subject to penalties, certificate suspension, or revocation. If you need to house more workers, you must first apply to increase your approved capacity and pass re-inspection before housing additional workers.

What is the validity period of the Certificate of Accommodation?

Certificates are valid for 3 years from the date of issuance. You must apply for renewal at least 60-90 days before expiry. Operating with an expired certificate is illegal and subject to enforcement action.

Are Malaysian workers and foreign workers housed separately?

While not strictly required by Act 446, it is recommended practice to maintain separate accommodation or at minimum separate rooms for Malaysian and foreign workers due to different regulatory frameworks. However, if housed together, all facilities must meet Act 446 standards for all workers.

What should I do if I receive a worker complaint about hostel conditions?

Take all complaints seriously and investigate immediately. Document the complaint and your response. Address any valid issues promptly to prevent escalation to JTKSM. Worker complaints often trigger unannounced inspections, so maintaining ongoing compliance is essential.

Can I renovate my hostel after getting the certificate?

Minor maintenance and repairs are permitted. However, structural modifications, room reconfigurations, or capacity changes require notifying JTKSM and may require amended approval. Major renovations typically necessitate a new application and inspection. Always consult JTKSM before undertaking significant changes.

Ready to Achieve Act 446 Compliance?

Don't navigate the complex JTKSM certification process alone. Our experienced compliance specialists provide end-to-end support from initial assessment to certificate issuance and ongoing compliance management.

Schedule a free consultation today and ensure your worker accommodation meets all Act 446 requirements.

Get Expert Assistance Now

Conclusion

Act 446 compliance is a fundamental legal obligation for Malaysian employers providing foreign worker accommodation. By understanding the requirements, following proper procedures, and maintaining high standards, employers protect their business from legal risks while demonstrating genuine commitment to worker welfare.

The certification process may initially seem complex, but with proper preparation, professional guidance, and attention to detail, achieving and maintaining JTKSM approval becomes a manageable part of responsible workforce management.

🎯 Key Takeaways

  • Act 446 compliance is mandatory, not optional, for hostels housing 5+ workers
  • Non-compliance carries severe penalties including fines up to RM50,000 per worker and imprisonment
  • Proper space planning, sanitation facilities, and fire safety are critical compliance areas
  • Online application through official JTKSM portal streamlines the certification process
  • Regular maintenance and documentation ensures ongoing compliance between inspections
  • Professional consultancy support significantly improves first-time certification success rates

For the latest regulatory updates, official forms, and state office contact information, visit the JTKSM Act 446 Official Portal or contact your nearest JTKSM state office directly.

Frequently Asked Questions

FAQs on Act 446

(Workers’ Minimum Standards of Housing and Amenities Act 1990)
When did Act 446 come into effect?

Act 446 was enforced starting June 1, 2020.

Who does Act 446 apply to?

Act 446 applies to:

  • Employers
  • Centralized accommodation providers
  • All employment sectors in Peninsular Malaysia and the Federal Territory of Labuan
What is the objective of Act 446?

The Act aims to:

  • Regulate housing standards across all employment sectors
  • Ensure minimum standards for worker accommodation and amenities
  • Combat forced labor practices
  • Protect workers' welfare and rights
  • Enhance safety and health standards for worker housing
  • Support organized and conducive living environments aligned with national planning
What are the responsibilities of employers and accommodation providers under the Act?

All employers and centralized accommodation providers must obtain an Accommodation Certificate from the Director General of Manpower.

Are Accommodation Certificates required for estate or mine housing within District Council areas?

No, such housing is exempted from requiring an Accommodation Certificate.

What are the penalties for operating without an Accommodation Certificate?
  • Employers: Fine up to RM50,000
  • Accommodation Providers: Fine up to RM50,000, or imprisonment up to 1 year, or both
What types of buildings are permitted for worker accommodations?
  • Terrace House
  • Shop House
  • Bungalow
  • Apartment/Flat
  • Village House
  • Office Shop
  • Cabin
  • SoHo/SoFo
  • Other approved structures by PBT
How can employers or providers apply for an Accommodation Certificate?
A. Before Applying to JTKSM
Prepare the following documents:
a) For New Buildings
  • Certificate of Completion and Compliance (CCC) from PBT
b) For Temporary/Non-Residential Buildings
  • Building Permit for limited period (PBT)
  • Approval for change of use or building modification (PBT)
c) For Rented Buildings
  • PBT permission (if applicable)
B. JTKSM Application Process

i) Submit two copies of Form AC1 (downloadable from jtksm.mohr.gov.my)

ii) Processing fees:

Category No. of Workers Fee
Employer 10 or fewer RM100
Employer More than 10 RM300
Accommodation Provider Up to 500 RM2,000
Accommodation Provider Over 500 RM5,000

iii) Include company registration (SSM)

iv) Attach relevant documents:

  • CCC
  • Temporary Building Permit
  • Change of Use Approval
  • Lease Agreement
  • Floor Plan
  • Photos of building (interior and exterior)
How can employers ensure compliance with foreign worker housing standards?
  • Obtain and maintain a valid Accommodation Certificate under Act 446.
  • Conduct regular inspections and maintenance of housing facilities.
  • Ensure adequate amenities such as clean water, sanitation, ventilation, and fire safety measures.
  • Provide training and education to workers regarding their rights and housing rules.
  • Keep detailed records and documentation for audit and inspection by authorities.
What are common challenges in managing foreign workers' accommodation?
  • Ensuring compliance with evolving regulations and standards.
  • Balancing cost efficiency with quality and safety of housing.
  • Managing overcrowding and maintaining hygiene standards.
  • Addressing language and cultural barriers between workers and management.
  • Coordinating with government authorities and third-party accommodation providers.
Are employers responsible for foreign workers' welfare beyond housing?

Yes, employers have a broader duty of care that includes:

  • Providing safe working conditions and ensuring compliance with labor laws.
  • Offering access to medical care and health insurance (e.g., SOCSO coverage).
  • Ensuring timely payment of wages and lawful deductions.
  • Facilitating proper documentation, work permits, and renewals.
  • Offering support for repatriation or employment termination as per regulations.
What steps should be taken if a foreign worker's accommodation is found non-compliant?
  • Immediately notify the relevant enforcement authorities, such as the Department of Labour.
  • Conduct a thorough review and rectify the issues to meet minimum standards.
  • Implement corrective measures including repairs, sanitation improvements, and overcrowding reduction.
  • Provide temporary alternative accommodation if necessary.
  • Train management and staff on compliance and monitoring procedures to prevent recurrence.
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